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Hydrogeology of the Albuquerque Basin

figure
Albuquerque Basin study area

The Albuquerque Basin is one of the largest (8,000 km2, 3,060 mi2) and deepest basins (4,407-6,592 m, 14,500-21,600 ft) of the Rio Grande rift. This basin contains the largest metropolitan area in New Mexico. Until 2008, this region relied entirely on groundwater for its water supply. This sole reliance on groundwater resulted from an earlier view that Albuquerque lay on top of the subterranean equivalent of a vast underground lake that would take centuries to exploit. Since the 1960s, the City of Albuquerque had little reason to be concerned about its water supply because wells drilled in the northeast and southeast heights yielded large quantities of potable groundwater. The view of plentiful groundwater was essentially unchallenged until the late 1980s, when water level declines near Coronado Center provoked exploration of the deeper aquifer. Results of the deep aquifer test wells led to reassessment of the regional aquifer and the Middle Rio Grande Basin Project of the late 1990s.

Starting in 1992, the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources began examining the geology and hydrogeology of the Albuquerque area using a multidisciplinary and synthesis-oriented approach that became the foundation of the Bureau’s Aquifer Mapping Program. The Bureau’s approach to investigating groundwater basins is multi-fold and can integrates surface-geologic mapping, regional surface- and airborne-geophysical surveys, and geologic study of available well data, including municipal and domestic water-supply wells, ground water monitoring wells, and commercial oil and gas wells. This synthesis-based approach to the study of basin hydrology substantially improved our technical understanding of the geology of water-bearing rocks and sediments.

Important findings of this work include: the geologic structure and geometry of the basin profoundly impacts the location and quality, age, and yield of aquifer zones in the basin. The path of the ancestral Rio Grande, which is one of the best sources of groundwater is now well understood.

In the wake of the Middle Rio Grande Basin Project, nearly 80% of the basin surface has been geologically mapped at a scale of 1:24,000 (1 inch equals 2000 feet), and over 300 wells have been examined to some degree. Geologic compilations of the Albuquerque–Rio Rancho metropolitan area, Isleta Pueblo and Los Lunas area, and the northern end of the basin were published between 2006 and 2008. The cost of this multi-disciplinary, interagency aquifer mapping effort has been relatively inexpensive; less than $40 per person residing in the basin. With less than 10% of the subsurface geology and hydrology sampled in the basin, and about one-fifth of the basin surface remaining to be mapped in detail, much work remains to be done before a truly comprehensive model of the Albuquerque Basin can be completed.

Selected Publications

  1. Allen, B.D., Connell, S.D., Hawley, J.W., and Stone, B.D., 1998, Core drilling provides information about Santa Fe Group aquifer system beneath Albuquerque’s west side: New Mexico Geology, v. 20, n. 1, p. 9-13.
  2. Bartolino, J.R., and Cole, J.C., 2002, Ground-water resources of the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1222, 132 p.
  3. Bartolino, J.R., Cole, J. C., and Hester, D.J., 2002, Ground-Water Resources of the Middle Rio Grande Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-088-02, 6 p.
  4. Bexfield, L.M., and Plummer, L.N., 2003, Occurrence of arsenic in ground water of the Middle Rio Grande Basin, central New Mexico; in Welch, A.H., and Stollenwerk, K.G., eds., Arsenic in Ground Water: Geochemistry and Occurrence, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Chapter 11, p. 295-327.
  5. Bexfield, L.M., and Anderholm, S.K., 2000, Predevelopment water-level map of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Middle Rio Grande Basin between Cochiti Lake and San Acacia, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water—Resources Investigations Report 00-4249, 1 sheet.
  6. Bexfield, L.M., and Anderholm., S.K., 2002b, Estimated water-level declines in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque area, central New Mexico, predevelopment to 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water—Resources Investigations Report 02-4233, 1 sheet.
  7. Bexfield, L.M., Danskin, W.R., McAda, D. P., 2004, Simulation-optimization approach to management of ground-water resources in the Albuquerque area, New Mexico, 2006 through 2040: U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5140, 82 p.
  8. Bexfield, L.M., Lindberg, W.E., and Anderholm, S.K., 1999, Summary of water-quality data for City of Albuquerque drinking-water supply wells, 1988-97: U.S. Geological Survey, Open-file Report 99-195, 138 p., 1 pl.
  9. Brandes, N.N., 2002, Lithostratigraphy and petrography of upper Santa Fe Group deposits in the northern Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico [M.S. thesis]: Socorro, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 208 p.
  10. Connell, S.D., Koning, D.J., Derrick, N.N., Love, D.W., Lucas, S.G., Morgan, G. S., Jackson-Paul, P. B., 2001, Second-day, Calabacillas sub-basin: Zia Pueblo, Rio Rancho, and Tijeras Arroyo; in Connell, S.D., Love, D.W., Lucas, S.G., Koning, D.J., Derrick, N.N., Maynard, S.R., Morgan, G.S., Jackson-Paul, P.B., and Chamberlin, R., trip leaders., Stratigraphy and tectonic development of the Albuquerque Basin, central Rio Grande rift, field trip guidebook: Albuquerque, New Mexico, Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain-South Central Section Meeting: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 454A, p. 17-26.
  11. Connell, S.D., Lucas, S.G., Koning, D. J., Maynard, S.R., and Derrick, N.N., 2001, First-day, Santo Domingo sub-basin: Hagan Embayment and northern flank of the Sandia Mountains; in Connell, S.D., Love, D.W., Lucas, S.G., Koning, D. J., Derrick, N. N., Maynard, S. R., Morgan, G.S., Jackson-Paul, P. B., and Chamberlin, R., trip leaders., Stratigraphy and tectonic development of the Albuquerque Basin, central Rio Grande rift, field trip guidebook: Albuquerque, New Mexico, Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain-South Central Section Meeting: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 454A, p. 1-15.
  12. Connell, S.D., 2000, Geology of the northern Sandia Mountains and Albuquerque Basin, Placitas and Bernalillo area, Sandoval County, New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Decision-Makers Field Guide No. 1, p. 140-143.
  13. Connell, S.D., 2001, Stratigraphy of the Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico: A progress report; in Connell, S.D., Lucas, S.G., and Love, D.W., eds., Stratigraphy and tectonic development of the Albuquerque Basin, central Rio Grande rift, mini-papers for field trip guidebook: Albuquerque, New Mexico: Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain-South Central Section Meeting: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 454B, p. A1-A27.
  14. Connell, S.D., 2004, Geology of the Albuquerque Basin and tectonic development of the Rio Grande rift, north-central New Mexico, in Mack, G.H., and Giles, K.J., eds., The Geology of New Mexico, A geologic history: New Mexico: New Mexico Geological Society, Special Publication 11, p. 359-388.
  15. Connell, S.D., 2008, Refinements to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the Santa Fe Group, northwestern Albuquerque basin, New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, v. 30, n. 1, p. 14-35.
  16. Connell, S.D., Allen, B.D., and Hawley, J.W., 1998, Subsurface stratigraphy of the Santa Fe Group using borehole geophysical logs, Albuquerque area, central New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, v. 20, n. 1, p. 2-7.
  17. Connell, S.D., and Wells, S.G., 1999, Pliocene and Quaternary stratigraphy, soils, and geomorphology of the northern flank of the Sandia Mountains, Albuquerque Basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico; in Pazzaglia, F. J., and Lucas, S. G., eds., Albuquerque Geology: New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook 50, p. 379-391.
  18. Connell, S.D., Cather, S.M., 2001, Stratigraphy of the lower Santa Fe Group, Hagan embayment, north-central New Mexico: Preliminary results; in Connell, S.D., Lucas, S.G., and Love, D.W., eds., Stratigraphy and tectonic development of the Albuquerque Basin, central Rio Grande rift, mini-papers for field trip guidebook: Albuquerque, New Mexico: Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain-South Central Section Meeting: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 454B, p. H49-H56. [Field trip stop for 2001 GSA conference. Published later as Connell, Cather, McIntosh, and Dunbar (2002)].
  19. Connell, S.D., Cather, S.M., McIntosh, W.C., Dunbar, N., 2002, Stratigraphy of the Tanos and Blackshare Formations (lower Santa Fe Group), Hagan embayment, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, v. 24, n. 4, p. 107-120.
  20. Connell, S.D., Hawley, J.W., and Love D.W., 2005, Late Cenozoic drainage development in the southeastern Basin and Range of New Mexico, southeasternmost Arizona, and western Texas; in Lucas, S.G., Morgan, G.S., and Zeigler, K.E.; eds., New Mexico’s Ice Ages: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 28, p. 125-150.
  21. Connell, S.D., Koning, D.J., and Cather, S.M., 1999, Revisions to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the Santa Fe Group, northwestern Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico; in Pazzaglia, F.J., and Lucas, S.G., eds., Albuquerque Geology: New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook 50, p. 337-353.
  22. Connell, S.D., Koning, D.J., and Derrick, N.N., 2001, Preliminary interpretation of Cenozoic strata in the Tamara No. 1-Y well, Sandoval County, north-central New Mexico; in Connell, S.D., Lucas, S.G., and Love, D.W., eds., Stratigraphy and tectonic development of the Albuquerque Basin, central Rio Grande rift, mini-papers for field trip guidebook: Albuquerque, New Mexico: Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain-South Central Section Meeting: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 454B, p. K79-K88.
  23. Connell, S.D., Koning, D.J., Kelley, S.A., and Brandes, N.N., 2007, Oligocene-Miocene sedimentation in the southwestern Jemez Mountains and northwestern Albuquerque basin, New Mexico; in Kues, B.S., Kelley, S.A., and Lueth, V.W., eds., Geology of the Jemez Region II: New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook 58. p. 195-208.
  24. Connell, S.D., Love D.W., and Dunbar, N.W., 2007, Geomorphology and stratigraphy of inset fluvial deposits along the Rio Grande valley in the central Albuquerque basin, New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, v. 29, n. 1, p. 13-31.
  25. Connell, S.D., Love, D.W., 2001, Stratigraphy of middle and upper Pleistocene fluvial deposits of the Rio Grande (post Santa Fe Group) and the geomorphic development of the Rio Grande Valley, northern Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico; in Connell, S.D., Lucas, S.G., and Love, D.W., eds., Stratigraphy and tectonic development of the Albuquerque Basin, central Rio Grande rift, mini-papers for field trip guidebook: Albuquerque, New Mexico: Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain-South Central Section Meeting: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 454B, p. J67-J78.
  26. Connell, S.D., Love, D.W., and Sorrell, J.D., 2001, Geology of southern Albuquerque and Tijeras Arroyo, Second-day road log, October 13, 2001, in Connell, S.D., Love, D.W., Sorrell, J.D., and Harrison, J.B.J., trip leaders., Plio-Pleistocene stratigraphy and geomorphology of the central part of the Albuquerque Basin: Friends of the Pleistocene, Rocky Mountain Cell, Field-trip guidebook: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 454C, p. 2-1 to 2-23.
  27. Connell, S.D., Love, D.W., and Sorrell, J.D., 2001, Geology of the Isleta Reservation, First-day road log, October 12, 2001; in Connell, S.D., Love, D.W., Sorrell, J.D., and Harrison, J.B.J., trip leaders., Plio-Pleistocene stratigraphy and geomorphology of the central part of the Albuquerque Basin: Friends of the Pleistocene, Rocky Mountain Cell, Field-trip guidebook: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 454C, p. 1-1 to 1-28.
  28. Gillentine, J.M., 1994, Petrology and diagenesis of the middle and lower Santa Fe Group in the northern Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 402C, Chapter 6, p. 1-50, 4 app.
  29. Grauch, V.J.S., 1999, Principal features of high-resolution aeromagnetic data collected near Albuquerque, New Mexico: New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook 50, p. 115-118.
  30. Grauch, V.J.S., Hudson, M.R., Minor, S.A., 2001, Aeromagnetic expression of faults that offset basin fill, Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico: Geophysics, v. 66, n. 3, p. 707-720.
  31. Grauch, V.J.S., Keller, G.R., and Gillespie, C.L., 1999, Discussion of new gravity maps for the Albuquerque Basin area: New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook 50, 119-124
  32. Hall, J.S., 1998, Environments of formation and controls on the spatial distribution of calcite cement in the Sierra Ladrones Formation (Plio-Pleistocene), New Mexico [M.S. thesis]: Socorro, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 180 p.
  33. Hawley, J.W., 1996, Hydrogeologic framework of potential recharge areas in the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 402 D, Chapter 1, 68 p.
  34. Hawley, J.W., 1986, Physiographic provinces and landforms of New Mexico, in Williams, J.L., ed., New Mexico in Maps: Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, p. 28-31.
  35. Hawley, J.W., Haase, C.S., Lozinsky, R.P., 1995, An underground view of the Albuquerque Basin: New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute, Report 290, p. 27-55.
  36. Heywood, Galloway, D.L., and Stork, S.V., 2002, Ground displacements caused by aquifer-system water-level variations observed using interferometric synthetic aperture radar near Albuquerque, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey, Water—Resources Investigations Report 02-4235, 18 p.
  37. Karlstrom, K.E., Cather, S.M., Kelley, S.A., Heizler, M.T., Pazzaglia, F.J., and Roy, M., 1999a, Sandia Mountains and the Rio Grande rift: ancestry of structures and history of deformation: New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook 50, p. 155-165.
  38. Kernodle, J.M., 1998, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-95, with projections to 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-209, 54 p.
  39. Kernodle, J.M., and Scott, W.B., 1986, Three-dimensional model simulation of steady-state ground-water flow in the Albuquerque-Belen Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4353, 58 p.
  40. Kernodle, J.M., McAda, D.P., and Thorn, C.R., 1995, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-1994, with projections to 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Water—Resources Investigations Report 94-4251, 114 p.
  41. Kernodle, J.M., Miller, R.S., and Scott, W.B., 1987, Threedimensional model simulation of transient groundwater flow in the Albuquerque-Belen Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4194, 86 p.
  42. Koning, D.J., Connell, S.D., Pazzaglia, F.J., and McIntosh, W.C., 2001, Stratigraphy of the Tuerto and Ancha formations (upper Santa Fe Group), Hagan and Santa Fe embayments, north-central New Mexico; in Connell, S.D., Lucas, S.G., and Love, D.W., eds., Stratigraphy and tectonic development of the Albuquerque Basin, central Rio Grande rift, mini-papers for field trip guidebook: Albuquerque, New Mexico: Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain-South Central Section Meeting: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 454B, p. I57-I66.
  43. Love D.W., and Connell, S.D., 2005, Late Neogene drainage developments on the southeastern Colorado Plateau, New Mexico; in Lucas, S.G., Morgan, G.S., and Zeigler, K.E., eds., New Mexico’s Ice Ages: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 28, p. 151-169.
  44. Love, D.W., and Connell, S.D., 2001, Geology of Los Lunas volcano, Third-day road log, October 14, 2001, in Connell, S.D., Love, D.W., Sorrell, J.D., and Harrison, J.B.J., trip leaders., Plio-Pleistocene stratigraphy and geomorphology of the central part of the Albuquerque Basin: Friends of the Pleistocene, Rocky Mountain Cell, Field-trip guidebook: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 454C, p. 3-1 to 3-13.
  45. Love, D.W., Connell, S.D., Dunbar, N., McIntosh, W.C., McKee, W.C., Mathis, A.G., Jackson-Paul, P.B., Sorrell, J.D., and Abeita, N., 2001, Guide to the geology of the eastern side of the Rio Grande Valley along southbound I-25 from Rio Bravo Boulevard to Bosque Farms, Bernalillo and Valencia Counties, New Mexico, in Connell, S. D., Lucas, S. G., and Love, D. W., eds., Stratigraphy and tectonic development of the Albuquerque Basin, central Rio Grande rift, mini-papers for field trip guidebook: Albuquerque, New Mexico: Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain-South Central Section Meeting: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 454B, p. L89-L93.
  46. Love, D.W., Connell, S.D., Lucas, S.G., Morgan, G.S., Derrick, N.N., Jackson-Paul, P.B., and Chamberlin, R., 2001, Third-day, Belen sub-basin: Belen, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, and northern Socorro Basin; in Connell, S.D., Love, D.W., Lucas, S.G., Koning, D.J., Derrick, N.N., Maynard, S.R., Morgan, G.S., Jackson-Paul, P.B., and Chamberlin, R., trip leaders., Stratigraphy and tectonic development of the Albuquerque Basin, central Rio Grande rift, field trip guidebook: Albuquerque, New Mexico, Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain-South Central Section Meeting: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 454A, p. 27-53.
  47. Lozinsky, R.P., 1994, Cenozoic stratigraphy, sandstone petrology, and depositional history of the Albuquerque basin, central New Mexico: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 291, p. 73-82.
  48. Lozinsky, R.P., Tedford, R.H., 1991, Geology and paleontology of the Santa Fe Group, southwestern Albuquerque Basin, Valencia County, New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Bulletin 132, 35 p.
  49. Lucas, S.G., Williamson, T.E., and Sobus, J., 1993, Plio-Pleistocene stratigraphy, paleoecology, and mammalian biochronology, Tijeras Arroyo, Albuquerque area, New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1-8.
  50. Lundahl, A., and Geissman, J.W., 1999, Paleomagnetism of the early Oligocene mafic dike exposed in Placitas, northern termination of the Sandia Mountains: New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook 50, p. 8-9.
  51. Machette, M.N., Personius, S.F., Kelson, K.I., Haller, K.M., and Dart, R.L., 1998, Map and data for Quaternary faults and folds in New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file report 98-821, 443 p., 1 pl.
  52. Maldonado, F., Connell, S.D., Love, D.W., Grauch, V.J.S., Slate, J.L., McIntosh, W.C., Jackson, P.B., and Byers, F.M., Jr., 1999, Neogene geology of the Isleta Reservation and vicinity, Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico; in Pazzaglia, F.J., and Lucas, S.G., eds., Albuquerque Geology: New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 50, p. 175-188.
  53. May, J.S., and Russell, L.R., 1994, Thickness of the syn-rift Santa Fe Group in the Albuquerque Basin and its relation to structural style: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 291, p. 113-123.
  54. May, J.S., Kelley, S.A., and Russell, L.R., 1994, Footwall unloading and rift shoulder uplifts in the Albuquerque Basin: their relation to syn-rift fanglomerates and apatite fission-track ages: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 291, p. 125-134.
  55. McAda, D.P., and Barroll, P., 2002, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Middle Rio Grande Basin between Cochiti and San Acacia, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey, Water-resources Investigations Report 02-4200, 81 p.
  56. Minor, S.A., and Hudson, M.R., 2006, Regional survey of structural properties and cementation patterns of fault zones in the northern part of the Albuquerque Basin–Implications for ground-water flow: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1719, 28 p.
  57. Minor, S.A., editor, 2006, The Cerrillos uplift, the La Bajada constriction, and hydrogeologic framework of the Santo Domingo Basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1720, 189 p., 1 CD-ROM.
  58. Pazzaglia, F.J., Connell, S.D., Tedford, R.H., Hawley, J.W., Personius, S., Smith, G.A., Cather, S.M., Lucas, S.G., Hester, P., Gilmore, J., and Woodward, L.A., 1999, Second-day trip 2 road log, Albuquerque to San Ysidro, Loma Creston, La Ceja, and Sand Hill fault; in Pazzaglia, F.J., and Lucas, S.G., eds., Albuquerque Geology: New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook 50, p. 47-66.
  59. Pazzaglia, F.J., Lucas, S.G., Estep, J., Connell, S.D., Karlstrom, K.E., Black, B., Smith, G.A., Hawley, J.W., Johnson, P., Cather, S.M., and Stearns, C. E., 1999, First day road log, Albuquerque to Placitas, Hagan basin, and Espinaso Ridge; in Pazzaglia, F.J., and Lucas, S.G., eds., Albuquerque Geology: New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook 50, p. 1-26.
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  61. Plummer, L.N., Bexfield, L.M., Anderholm, S.K., Sanford, Ward E., and Busenberg, Eurybiades, 2004, Geochemical characterization of ground-water flow in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system, Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4131 395 p.
  62. Plummer, L.N., Bexfield, L.M., Anderholm, Scott K., Sanford, Ward E., and Busenberg, Eurybiades, 2003, Hydrochemical tracers in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 1. Conceptualization of groundwater flow. Hydrogeology Journal, v. 12, p. 359-388.
  63. Plummer, L.N., Bexfield, L.M., Anderholm, S.K., Sanford, W. E., and Busenberg, E., 2001, Geochemical characterization of ground-water flow in parts of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system, Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, in Cole, J.C., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Middle Rio Grande Basin Study—Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 15-16, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-488, p. 7-10.
  64. Plummer, L.N., W.E. Sanford, L.M. Bexfield, S.K. Anderholm, and E. Busenberg, 2004, Using geochemical data and aquifer simulation to characterize recharge and groundwater flow in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, in Groundwater Recharge in a Desert Environment: The Southwestern United States, edited by J. F. Hogan, F. M. Phillips, and B. R. Scanlon, Water Science and Applications Series, vol. 9, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 185-216.
  65. Reiter, M., 2001, Using precision temperature logs to estimate horizontal and vertical groundwater flow components: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 3, p. 663-674.
  66. Reiter, M., 2003, Hydrogeothermal studies in the Albuquerque Basin–a geophysical investigation of ground water flow characteristics: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Circular 211, 74 p.
  67. Russell, L.R., and Snelson, S., 1994, Structure and tectonic of the Albuquerque Basin segment of the Rio Grande rift: Insights from reflection seismic data: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 291, p. 83-112.
  68. Sanford Ward E., Plummer L. Niel, McAda, Douglas P., Bexfield, Laura M., Anderholm, Scott K., 2004, Hydrochemical tracers in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 2. Calibration of a groundwater model. Hydrogeology Journal, v. 12, p. 389-407.
  69. Sanford, W.E., Plummer, L.N., McAda, D.P., Bexfield, L.M., and Anderholm, S.K., 2004, Use of environmental tracers to estimate parameters for a predevelopment-ground-water-flow model of the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico: U. S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4286, 102 p.
  70. Sanford, W.E., Plummer, L.N., McAda, D.P., Bexfield, L.M., and Anderholm, S.K., 2001, Estimation of hydrologic parameters for the ground-water model of the Middle Rio Grande Basin Using carbon-14 and water-level data; in Cole, J. C., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Middle Rio Grande Basin Study—Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 15-16, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 488, p. 4-6.
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  74. Smith, G.A., McIntosh, W.C., and Kuhle, A.J., 2001, Sedimentologic and geomorphic evidence for sea-saw subsidence of the Santo Domingo accommodation-zone basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 113, n. 5, p. 561-574.
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  76. Stone, B.D., Cole, J., 2002, Mahan, S., 2002, Quaternary glaciopluvial terraces of the Rio Grande, north-central New Mexico: Preliminary TL constraining ages and correlations (abs.): Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 34, n. 4, p. A-57.
  77. Tedford, R.H., and Barghoorn, S., 1999, Santa Fe Group (Neogene), Ceja del Rio Puerco, northwestern Albuquerque Basin, Sandoval County, New Mexico: New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook 50, p. 327-335.
  78. Thomas, E., Van Hart, D., McKitrick, S., Gillentine, J., Hitchcock, C., Kelson, K., Noler, J., and Sawyer, T., 1995, Conceptual geologic model of the Sandia National Laboratories and Kirtland Airforce Base: Technical Report, Site-Wide Hydrogeologic Characterization Project, Organization 7584, Environmental Restoration Program. Prepared by GRAM, Inc., Albuquerque, New Mexico; and William Lettis and Associates, Oakland, California, various pagination.
  79. Thorn, C.R., 2000, Results of well-bore flow logging for six water-production wells completed in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1996-98. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4157, 16 p.
  80. Thorn, C.R., McAda, D.P., and Kernodle, J.M., 1993, Geohydrologic framework and hydrologic conditions in the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4149, 106 p.
  81. Tiedeman, C.R., Kernodle, J.M., and McAda, D.P., 1998, Application of nonlinear-regression methods to a ground-water flow model of the Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-172, 90 p.
  82. Williams, P.L., and Cole, J.C., 2007, Geologic map of the Albuquerque 30’ x 60’ quadrangle, north-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Map 2946, 31 p., scale 1:100,000.
  83. Woodward, L.A., and Menne, B., 1995, Down-plunge structural interpretation of the Placitas area, northwestern part of Sandia uplift, central New Mexico: Implications for tectonic evolution of the Rio Grande rift: New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook 46, p. 127-133.

Open-File and Contract Reports (excluding Guidebooks released as Open-file Reports)

  1. Allen, B. D., Connell, S. D., Heynekamp, M., Hawley, J. W., 1998, Field log of borehole drilled for installation of nested piezometers, Isleta Boulevard locality: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Open-file Report 444C, 13 p.
  2. Chamberlin, R. M., Allen, B. D., Hawley, J. W., Connell, S. D., and Heynekamp, M., 1999, Field logs of borehole drilled for nested piezometers, Montessa Park Site: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Open-file Report 444A, 16 p.
  3. Chamberlin, R. M., Jackson, P., Connell, S. D., Heynekamp, M., and Hawley, J. W., 1999, Field logs of borehole drilled for nested piezometers, Sierra Vista West Park Site: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Open-file Report 444B, 30 p.
  4. Chamberlin, R. M., Jackson, P., and Connell, S. D., 1999, Field logs of borehole drilled for nested piezometers, Cañada Cochiti Grant, Sandoval County: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Open-file Report 444C, 30 p.
  5. Clark J., Connell, S. D., and Haneberg, W. C., 1998, Preliminary liquefaction susceptibility database for the City of Albuquerque and vicinity, Bernalillo County, New Mexico: Prepared for the New Mexico Department of Public Safety and the Federal Emergency Management Agency, 7 p., 5 figs., and appendix.
  6. Connell, S. D., 1996, Quaternary geology and geomorphology of the Sandia Mountains piedmont, Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties, central New Mexico [M.S. Thesis, Riverside, University of California]: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Open-file Report 425, 414 p., 3 plates.
  7. Connell, S. D., 1998, Field boring log for Sandia Pueblo Well, City of Albuquerque Piezometer Nest, FY1998: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Open-file Report 444D, 7 p., 3 app.
  8. Connell, S. D., and Cather, S. M., 1997, Cenozoic geology of the Placitas 7.5-minute quadrangle, Sandoval County, New Mexico: Supplemental report to Accompany the Placitas 7.5-minute geologic quadrangle OF-GM 2 (Connell et al., 1995): New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources.
  9. Connell, S. D., Jackson, P. B., and Chamberlin, R., 1999, Field logs of boreholes for nested piezometers, Nancy Lopez site, Valencia County, New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 443A, 30 p., 4 tables, 4 figs.
  10. Jackson, P. B., and Connell, S. D., 1999, Field logs of boreholes for nested piezometers, Tome site, Valencia County, New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 443B, 30 p., 4 tables, 4 figs, 1 app.
  11. Jackson, P. B., and Connell, S. D., 2002, Preliminary interpretations of the lithostratigraphy, hydrostratigraphy, and borehole geophysics of two well sites drilled in the Albuquerque Basin during late 1999 and early 2000: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Open-file report 472, 49 p.
  12. Johnson, P. S., Connell, S. D., Allred, B., and Allen, B. D., 1996, Field logs of boreholes for City of Albuquerque piezometer nests, Sister Cities Park, March 1996: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Open-file Report 426A, 23 p., 1 geophysical log, 1 fig.
  13. Johnson, P. S., Connell, S. D., Allred, B., and Allen, B. D., 1996, Field logs of boreholes for City of Albuquerque piezometer nests, Del Sol Dividers, April 1996: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Open-file Report 426B, 26 p., 1 geophysical log, 1 fig.
  14. Johnson, P. S., Connell, S. D., Allred, B., and Allen, B. D., 1996, Field logs of boreholes for City of Albuquerque piezometer nests, Hunters Ridge Park, May 1996: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Open-file Report 426C, 25 p., 1 geophysical log, 1 fig.
  15. Johnson, P. S., Connell, S. D., Allred, B., and Allen, B. D., 1996, Field logs of boreholes for City of Albuquerque piezometer nests, West Bluff Park, July 1996: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Open-file Report 426D, 19 p., 1 geophysical log, 1 fig.
  16. Johnson, P. S., Connell, S. D., Allred, B., and Allen, B. D., 1996, Field logs of boreholes for City of Albuquerque piezometer nests, Garfield Park, September 1996: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Open-file Report 426A, 23 p., 1 geophysical log, 1 fig.

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